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Current page: Peña, Problem Seeking — Ch 1 — Why Problem Seeking?
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Separate programming from design

Peña, Problem Seeking — Ch 1 — Why Problem Seeking?

Description

Programming is problem seeking; design is problem solving. The end result of programming is a statement of the total problem — and that statement is the element that joins programming and design. Designing before the problem is defined produces solutions to the wrong problem.

Why this exists

An architect who programs through design produces sketch after sketch trying to satisfy undefined requirements. Worse, the result risks being a confident answer to the wrong question. By separating problem definition from problem solving, both stages get the time and tools they need.

Categories

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Source

Caudill Rowlett Scott (via ERIC, US Dept of Education)authoritative
Problem Seeking: New Directions in Architectural Programming (early edition (ERIC ED037930, 1969))
Upgrade path: $75 for Problem Seeking 5th Edition (Wiley). 5th edition (2012, Wiley) is the current authoritative form of Peña's method. The ERIC PDF is the earliest published form — all the core method is present; later editions add case studies and refinements.
Section: Ch 1 — Why Problem Seeking?
Published 1969-01-01 · last verified 2026-05-14

Solver enforcement

Browsable only — the solver does not currently enforce this directive (no spec-level data to check against). This entry exists so the architect personas can cite it in conversation and the user can read what the rule says.

Related directives

Last reviewed 2026-05-14.